What are toe and metatarsal fractures?
Toe and metatarsal fractures are common injuries, often as a result of a sudden injury or from repeated stress over time. Trauma can include stubbing your toe or dropping a heavy object on your foot. While some heal with rest and basic care, others require medical treatment to ensure the bones heal correctly and full function is restored.
What causes a toe and metatarsal fracture?
Fractures in the toes and metatarsals generally fall into two categories - traumatic and stress fractures.
Traumatic fractures occur suddenly as a result of a direct force or injury, such as:
- Dropping a heavy object on the foot
- Stubbing or jamming a toe
- Twisting the foot or ankle
- A collision or impact during sports or physical activity
- A fall or misstep
Stress fractures develop gradually from repetitive force and overuse rather than a single incident. They are common in runners, dancers, and anyone who rapidly increases their activity level. The second and third metatarsals are most frequently affected.
What are symptoms of a toe and metatarsal fracture?
Symptoms of a toe or metatarsal fracture can vary depending on which bone is broken and how severe the fracture is. Common signs include:
- Pain at the site of the fracture, often immediate and sharp following a traumatic injury
- Swelling and bruising around the affected area
- Tenderness when touching or pressing on the bone
- Difficulty bearing weight or walking
- A visible deformity if the bone is displaced
- For stress fractures, a gradual onset of aching pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
It can be difficult to tell a fracture apart from a severe sprain without imaging. If you have significant pain, swelling, or trouble walking after a foot injury, it is important to get evaluated.
How are toe and metatarsal fractures diagnosed?
Your provider will perform a physical examination and order imaging to confirm the fracture and assess its severity. A CT-scan or MRI may also be used to rule out other injuries when needed. Your doctor may also order imaging of the foot that is not affected to get a baseline for comparison.
What are treatment options for toe and metatarsal fractures?
Treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of the fracture, as well as your activity level and overall health. Your doctor may recommend conservative treatments, such as rest, ice, elevation, medication, and immobilization of the affected area with the help of splint or cast.
In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary when the fracture is displaced, unstable, or involves a bone that is unlikely to heal properly on its own.
Last Medically Reviewed on April 29, 2026.