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Cancer Care

Hematologist vs. Oncologist: What's the Difference?

Not sure whether you need a hematologist, an oncologist, or both? Learn the differences between these specialists and how they work together in cancer care.

Hematologist vs. Oncologist: What's the Difference?

Navigating a cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, with new medical terms and decisions to process. You might find yourself referred to a hematologist or an oncologist as part of your care team. But what’s the difference, and which specialist is the right fit for your case? While both play vital roles in cancer care, their areas of focus are distinct.

Hematologist

Hematologists specialize in blood disorders and focus on conditions involving the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. They manage:

  • Benign (non-cancerous) blood disorders, such as anemia, clotting issues, and platelet abnormalities.
  • Malignant (cancerous) blood diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

Hematologists often collaborate with oncologists when treating blood-related cancers to provide comprehensive care.

Oncologist

Oncologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Their expertise includes:

  • Treating solid tumors (e.g., breast, lung, or colon cancer) and some blood-related cancers.
  • Managing treatment plans, including chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and other cancer therapies.

Oncologists oversee the broader aspects of cancer care, guiding patients through their treatment journey.

Hematologist-Oncologist

Some physicians are dual specialists in hematology and oncology, treating both blood disorders and cancers. This combined expertise is particularly valuable for managing blood cancers like leukemia, which involve both specialties.  

Key Takeaway

While hematologists focus on blood-related conditions, oncologists treat cancer in a broader sense. For blood cancers, you may work with a hematologist-oncologist or a collaborative care team. Understanding these roles ensures you get the specialized care you need for your unique diagnosis.