What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition where the contents of your stomach flow back into your esophagus. This occurs due to a defect in the valve between your esophagus and your stomach. When the valve does not close properly, GERD can develop.
What causes GERD?
Causes of GERD are many times related to conditions or habits that cause pressure on the abdomen that, in turn, apply pressure to the valve between your stomach and esophagus. Common causes include:
- Obesity or being overweight
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Pregnancy
- Consumption of acidic foods, such as citrus, tomato-based foods/drinks, fatty foods, coffee or peppermint.
What are symptoms of GERD?
Common symptoms of GERD occur when the contents or acid in your stomach irritate the lining of your esophagus, which may include:
- Heartburn
- Burning sensation in your chest
- Burning up to your mouth with acid regurgitation
How is GERD diagnosed?
Diagnosing GERD is done in several ways and depending on the severity of your symptoms. Some individuals with mild to moderate symptoms may be treated with medication, diet modification and weight loss (if necessary). If symptoms are resolved with these measures, further diagnostic testing is generally not required. For those with more severe and persistent symptoms, an Upper Endoscopy may be recommended. Your physician will insert a small tube into your esophagus and assess for any damage caused by GERD. Your physician may take biopsies if necessary.
What are treatment options for GERD?
Treatment for GERD involves lifestyle changes including diet changes, weight loss (if necessary), quitting smoking, avoiding excess alcohol consumption, and sometimes oral medication. Surgery may be recommended for those who continue to have symptoms after treatment and lifestyle changes or for those who do not tolerate medication management.